Briggs, J. B. 1955. Notes on the biology and identification of some allies of the winter moth ( Operophtera brumata (L.). Report of East Malling Research Station 1955 , 141-146. Briggs, J. B. 1957. Some features of the biology of the winter moth ( …
Life cycle Pest status Other hosts Varietal susceptibility Distribution Damage Recognition Monitoring Forecasting Chemical control Insecticide resistance Cultural control Natural enemies Biological control Further …
Winter moth is an important pest of apple and pear. The life cycle involves wingless females crawling up the tree trunk to lay eggs in the bark. The green caterpillars feed amongst the blossom trusses from green cluster to early June. They damage …
Eggs are laid amongst hairs in the youngest tiny leaves in shoot tips, often in large numbers. These hatch in 3-5 days and the larvae feed on the upper epidermis causing the margins to curl and roll round themselves. Larvae are full-grown in 2-3 weeks and …
Adult Very small, 1.5-2.5 mm long, delicate fly, with broad, slightly hairy, wings with little venation. Antennae long, beaded with whorls of hairs in male, plainer in females. Females have a red abdomen. Usually seen resting or ovipositing in the shoot …
Natural enemies Predators Birds, probably tits, are reported to predate larvae, causing incidental damage to the leaf rolls. Predatory anthocorids and mirids are important natural enemies of apple leaf midge larvae in leaf rolls. It is probable that …
A powerful sex pheromone, emitted by the female midge shortly after emergence to attract males for mating has recently been identified by East Malling Research and the Natural Resources Institute. However, attempts to exploit the pheromone for control of …
Cultural control options are limited for apple leaf midge. Attacks tend to be more severe where trees have abundant vigorous shoot growth. Ensuring that tree growth is not excessively vigorous will prevent populations increasing. Removal of extension …
The female-produced sex pheromone of apple leaf midge has been identified by East Malling Research and the Natural Resources Institute and is highly attractive to apple leaf midge males. Sex pheromone traps are available from East Malling Research. The …
None of the insecticides approved for use on apple in the UK are recommended by the manufacturer for control of apple leaf midge. The full approval for spirotetramat (Batavia) on apples for the control of sucking insect pests offers some control of apple …
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