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Mussel scale - additional information

Life cycle Pest status Other hosts Varietal susceptibility Distribution Recognition Damage Monitoring Forecasting Chemical control Cultural control Natural enemies Biological control Further …

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Disease status (Apple canker)

Apple canker is an economically important disease of apple and is one of the most important diseases in the UK and recognised as a serious problem as early as 1710. The fungus attacks twigs and branches, causing cankers and dieback in mature trees, and …

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Symptoms and recognition (Apple canker)

Cankers These initially appear as sunken areas of bark around buds, leaf scars, shoot bases or open wounds. As the canker develops the centre dies and bark flakes off. Old lesions show as flaky dark brown strips of bark surrounded by swollen wound tissue. …

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Disease cycle and epidemiology (Apple canker)

Canker phase Neonectria can only infect through wounds such as those caused by pruning, mechanical damage, manganese toxicity, frost damage, woolly aphid, wood scab etc. or through natural openings such as bud scale, fruitlet scars, fruit scars and leaf …

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Disease monitoring (Apple canker)

Canker Inspect orchards in late June for shoot dieback, and during winter pruning for larger cankers. Assessment of Neonectria rots (i.e. eye, stalk and cheek rots), during grading, in fruit stored post Christmas, will also give an estimate of the canker …

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Disease forecasting (Apple canker)

The ADEM system is a PC-based system and contains a disease forecasting model for Neonectria canker and fruit rot. The disease models are driven by the following weather variables recorded on a logger and downloaded to a PC: Rainfall Surface wetness …

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Chemical control (Apple canker)

Cankers – paints Wounds do provide entry points for Neonectria and if used correctly paints can provide protection.  Canker paints contain chemicals active against Neonectria and are applied to pruning wounds or pared back cankers to provide temporary …

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Cultural control (Apple canker)

Remove Neonectria cankers from orchards during winter pruning. Smaller cankers can be pruned out completely. Larger cankers on the trunk or scaffold branches can be pared back to healthy tissue and treated with a suitable wound protectant paint …

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