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Detection (Patulin)

The testing for the presence of patulin in fruit products requires a laboratory test, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultra violet (UV) detection, with some other confirmatory analyses needed. A number of attempts have been made to …

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Penicillium expansum in the orchard (Patulin)

Penicillium expansum is common, easily recognisable but not responsible for large fruit losses commercially. It invades fruit through wounds, bruises or cracks anywhere on the fruit surface often as a secondary invader of other rots. All apple varieties …

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Disorders of the skin

Skin disorders that occur naturally during storage Superficial scald  Superficial scald Patches of skin turn bronze or brown and become slightly sunken. In the early stages of development un-degraded green skin is interspersed with affected skin. The …

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Storage disorders

The identification of storage disorders, causes and varietal susceptibility Apples supplied to the market need to be free from internal or external disorders and should have limited potential to develop disorders during the period from retailing to …

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Control (Padulin)

Detailed guidance on control of storage diseases is provided elsewhere in this Best Practice Guide. Fungicides have been ineffective against P. expansum and most isolates are resistant to carbendazim so control or prevention has been entirely dependent on …

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Harvesting (Padulin)

The harvesting period is a crucial part of the production process. Anything that can be done to minimise damage to fruit or reduce the incidence of other storage diseases will improve storability and marketable out turns as well as help to minimise …

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Stephen Flack

Stephen Flack has responsibility for the management of the ACC work on the APHA contract for agricultural DUS and seed certification of agricultural species in England and Wales. Throughout his career, Stephen has worked mainly with crop certification, …

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Post-storage packing and distribution of fruit

Planning Customer programme Packaging materials Packing product into the final container (RDT or Pre-Pack unit) Stacking fruit for optimum air flow and security Optimum pallet loading (full pallets) Securing fruit on pallets Labelling boxes and pallets …

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Post-harvest handling of apples

After harvest fruit should be handled in accordance with the guidance provided in the storage, packing and marketing section of this Best Practice Guide for UK Apple Production. Particular attention should be paid to temperature management of fruit with …

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