These are natural enemies of apple pests whose larvae develop by feeding inside the bodies of their hosts. There is a wide range of species of parasitic wasp, and some parasitic fly species , which offer some control of apple …
Apple and pear pests are hosts to a wide range of microbial (virus, bacterial, fungal) and nematode pathogens , some of which are important natural enemies. Several have been exploited as biocontrol …
A few species of natural enemy are particularly important as they are resistant to broad-spectrum insecticides and are able to prevent serious outbreaks of one or more important pests. These are key natural enemies. Key natural enemies are easier to …
Persistent broad-spectrum insecticides, particularly synthetic pyrethroids, are harmful to a wide range of natural enemies and their use should be avoided if possible. The best way of increasing natural enemies is to avoid the use of such insecticides and …
Fungicide group Fungicides Resistance type anilinopyrimidine cyprodonil pyrimethanil reduced sensitivity benzimidazole thiophanate-methyl resistant/sensitive DMI (triazole) e.g. myclobutanil penconazole reduced sensitivity guanidine dodine …
The current incidence of fungicide resistance in apple diseases is summarised in the following table. Fungal disease Resistance identified Fungicides where identified and resistance type (incidence) Apple scab Yes dodine …
Fungicide use in apple production can be intensive and the range of fungicides available for control is often limited to a few fungicide groups, increasing the risk that fungal strains may arise or be selected which are resistant or less sensitive to the …
Background In early 2006, East Malling Research held a series of HDC workshops to inform apple growers of an important new approach to dose adjustment for spray applications to dwarf dessert and culinary apple orchards. Extensive work had shown that when …
Flat scarlet mite is a relatively sedentary pest which tends to live in groups. It overwinters as fertilised females on the bark of apple. They become active in early spring, from April onwards, and invade the foliage and flower/fruit clusters in May. The …
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